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We thought we'd start out this month with a little game. Hope it is not too easy. (For the cat lover's, we promise to have a cat one next month.)
Dog Breed Jumble
CRASHZUNE (_)_ _ _(_)_ _(_)_
HORGDUNEY (_)(_)_(_)_ _ _ _ _
REPOTIN (_)_ _(_)(_)_ _
MEPARANNIO _ _ _(_)(_)_ _ _ _ _
JESBAIN _ _ _(_)(_)_ _
Hidden answer clue: This breed is named for the mountainous region in France from which it originated. (2 words)
(The answers are at the end of this newsletter but don't peek yet!)
Heartworm Disease 
Just one bite from an infected mosquito is all it takes to transmit heartworm disease to your dog or cat. It is a problem for both indoor and outdoor pets. Anywhere, anytime mosquitoes are present, heartworm disease can occur.
Overview
Seen in dogs, cats and ferrets, heartworm disease is a serious and potentially fatal disease. It is caused by a worm that lives in the heart and the pulmonary arteries. The female worm is 6 - 14 inches long and 1/8" wide and the male is about half the size of the female. They live up to 5 years, and during this time the female produces millions of young called microfilaria. These microfilaria circulate in the blood stream. Microfilaria are not infectious directly to the same animal. They must go through a life stage change inside a mosquito before they can grow into an adult heartworm. A mosquito bites the heartworm positive animal and ingests some of the microfilaria during a blood meal. (By the way, there are as many as 30 species of mosquitoes that can transmit heartworm disease.) The microfilaria develop for 10-30 days in the mosquito, becoming infective heartworm larvae. They then enter the mouthparts of the mosquito to be injected into the next animal the mosquito bites. The larvae then move to the heart and adjacent vessels where they grow to maturity in 2-3 months. There they start reproducing, thereby completing the full life cycle.
Symptoms
One of the difficult things about diagnosing heartworm disease is that there are no consistent clinical signs. Heartworm disease can be present for some period of time before any symptoms are noticed. Symptoms may include: coughing, shortness of breath, weakness, listlessness, loss of stamina, fainting, and weight loss. Occasionally there are no symptoms, only the sudden death of the pet.
Diagnosis
There is a simple blood test that can be performed at the veterinary clinic. Further diagnostic tests must be performed if your pet is diagnosed as heartworm positive in order to determine the function of your pet's organs before treatment is started.
Treatment
There is some risk involved in treating for heartworms. Also, there is a difference in treatment recommendations between species. If your pet is diagnosed with heartworm disease the veterinarian will discuss the treatment schedule and follow up care necessary for your pet.
Prevention
Thankfully heartworm disease is preventable. There are several options in our prevention arsenal.
Heartgard (ivermectin) - Available in both cat and dog formulations, Heartgard is given once a month. It comes in a beef flavored chewable treat most cats and dogs love. It is available in tablet form for pets that are beef allergic. Heartgard also offers protection against hookworm, an intestinal parasite.
ProHeart 6 (moxidectin) - Our newest product for heartworm prevention, ProHeart 6 is an injectable medication given once every 6 months. It is currently only available for dogs. ProHeart 6 also protects against hookworm.
Revolution (selamectin) - This is a topical solution that is placed on the pet's skin in the area of the shoulder blades. It is used once monthly and prevents heartworm disease, flea infestations, treats and controls ear mites and sarcoptic mange mites, and controls American Dog tick infestations. It is available for use in both dogs and cats.
Sentinel tablets (lufenuron & milbemycin oxime) - This chewable once-a-month treat prevents heartworm disease, helps control flea infestations and controls hookworm, whipworm and roundworm infections. This product is for use in dogs only.
Interceptor tablets (milbemycin oxime) - This product has recently been approved for use in cats and has been used for years in dogs for heartworm prevention and control of hookworm and roundworm infections. It is also a chewable once-a-month tablet.
Ivermectin liquid is the once monthly heartworm preventive used in ferrets.
Canine Companions for Independence
Canine Companions for Independence is a national program that helps people with physical disabilities regain their independence by providing them with highly trained assistance dogs. Some of the duties the dogs can do include alerting hearing-impaired persons to such things as smoke detector alarms, doorbells, and ringing telephones. They pull wheelchairs, can turn lights off or on, retrieve items that have been dropped, and many other tasks that are difficult for persons with disabilities.
A volunteer foster family socializes the qualified puppy. They take the pup everywhere to get them used to the situations in which they will be working as adults. They give them their basic training and, of course, lots of love. It is usually hard for the foster family to give them up when the pup is ready for their advanced training, but knowing how much help this dog will be to a person with disabilities eases the pain.
Advanced training begins when the dog is about 14 months old. Training lasts 6-9 months. In the last 2 weeks of training the dog, trainer, and recipient work together so the new owner will fully understand what the dog's capabilities and needs are. The bonding begins right away, too.
These dogs give people with disabilities a chance to live independently and quickly become their owner's best friend.
You can contact Canine Companions for Independence locally at 740-548-4447 or on-line at www.caninecompanions.org.
Animal-Assisted Therapy
This program involves animals, dogs and cats, helping people simply by visiting them. Facilities that are involved in these programs include nursing homes, retirement facilities, hospitals, hospice programs, and group homes for mentally or physically disabled. Some even visit private homes where ill or aged people are living mostly independently. The formal program usually involves a dog or cat, its handler, and the health care provider(s) working together as a team to determine specific goals to be accomplished for specific patients. The best part about the cat or dog is that it accepts all people as they are. There is no judgment. A visit can reduce loneliness and depression. Often, people become more active and responsive during a visit from a therapy dog or cat. Regular visits give the patient something to look forward to. The animals are entertaining, often distracting the patient from their pain. Patients talk to the dogs and cats, sharing thoughts, feelings, and memories that they would not share with anyone else. Stroking a pet has been proven to lower blood pressure and the activity exercises hands and arms. And often, once the visit is over, it still gives the patient a chance to interact with other patients through shared conversation about the visit.
Animals used in these programs are very special indeed. They must remain calm in any situation and be confident enough to trust strangers so much that they will "reach out" to them. If you think you would be interested in getting involved in one of these programs or would like more information, contact the Latham Foundation at 510-521-0920 or on-line at www.latham.org, or contact the Delta Society at 800-869-6898 or on-line at www.deltasociety.org
If I spay or neuter my pet will they become overweight?
An animal gains weight because they eat more calories than their body requires. Spaying or neutering your pet does change their metabolic rate. On average, a spayed or neutered pet requires about 1/4 to 1/3 fewer calories. Spaying and neutering is associated with a reduction in activity levels both from the procedure itself and because the pet is growing out of the puppy or kitten stage. Also, an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage) is changed by spaying or neutering. The result of this change is enhanced body fat storage.
What can you do to reduce the risk of weight gain after spaying or neutering?
The short answer is reduce calories and/or increase exercise. Please consult with your veterinarian before instituting any weight loss program for your pet. Depending on the age of your pet, switching from puppy or kitten food to an adult formulation will decrease the calorie load. Ad lib or "free choice" feeding is very convenient, but often is a factor in weight gain. Know how much food your pet should eat in a 24 hour period and do not refill the bowl when that amount has been eaten. Become a pet food label reader: Many have a very high fat content to increase the palatability. Feed only a high quality pet food. Restrict treats; some are extremely high in calories. And, of course, keep up the exercise. Walks and playtime are very important for your pets' good health since many disease processes are associated with obesity.
Notes from the Desk of Nya and Einstein
With spring break coming soon, we thought we'd remind you that if you are going to be traveling and need to board your pet, get your reservations early. All the boarding facilities fill up quickly. A boarding kennel is a high risk area for viral diseases so remember, to protect your pet, make sure their vaccines are current before you go. Call the clinic and check.
Pets that have spent the winter on the couch or curled up in front of the fireplace are susceptible to overdoing it when spring comes. Increase exercise slowly to build up their endurance. Hunting dogs will need special attention as you prepare for your hunting trip this spring. They have more heart than they have endurance sometimes and can return home very sore and tired. Like human athletes; they need to practice and build their strength and endurance before the big day.
Do you feed suet to the birds? If so, watch your dog and cat around the feeder. Often, birds will pull a chunk of suet out onto the ground. Your dog or cat will eat that chunk of fat and it can make them ill. Vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea can be signs of too much suet. (Or too much anything they shouldn't eat.) Pets that are prone to pancreatitis are especially likely to become ill from the suet. It's great for the birds, but try to keep your pets away from it.
Jumble Answers:
Schnauzer
Greyhound
Pointer
Pomeranian
Basenji
Hidden Answer: Great Pyrenees
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